Completion of second order nonlinear differential equations - the Schwarzschild generated only with the aid of pencil and paper at that time - very alluring Einstein. Because general relativity which Einstein's final form has been presented at the Prussian Academy on 25 November 1915, by the inventor himself "only" successfully resolved by settlement approach. Even in Einstein predicted, would not be possible to find exact solutions of field equations such findings.
The term itself describes the condition of the black hole space-time curvature around a mass of very strong gravitational fields. In simple language, the presence of the mass will bend space and time around. Origin of black holeBlack holes are created when an object can not withstand the strength of the force of gravity alone. Many objects (including the sun and the earth) will never be a black hole.
The pressure of gravity on the sun and the earth is not sufficient to exceed the atomic and nuclear power in him that nature against the pressure of gravity. But contrary to the object's mass is very large, the pressure of gravity was the one who wins.
The mass of the black hole continues to grow by capturing all of the material nearby. All the material can not escape from the shackles of a black hole if it passed too close. So objects that can not keep a safe distance from the black hole will be sucked. In contrast with the reputation it bears today which states that black holes can suck everything around it, a black hole can not suck the material very far away from him. he could only pull the material that passes very close to him. Example:The danger will threaten our planet only if within 10 miles of a black hole, this is still far from the fact that the earth within 93 million miles from the sun. Black holes can also increase its mass by black holes collided with another that it becomes a black hole bigger.
Critical radiusTo become a black hole, according to the Schwarzschild equation, the Sun's radius of approximately 700,000 kilometers should be compressed until the radius is only 3 kilometers. Unfortunately, for many scientists at that time, the results obtained by Schwarzschild is seen no more as a mathematical game without the presence of physical meaning. Including Einstein who thought so. Will prove later, extreme circumstances shown by the Schwarzschild equation model proposed at the same time the American physicist Robert Oppenheimer and his students, Hartland Snyder, in 1939 which set out from the calculation of Schwarzschild successfully demonstrated in a computer simulation.
Recognize the black hole
If indeed a black hole can never see directly, then how can we believe in its existence? To answer this question, John Wheeler as a figure who popularized the term black hole, has an interesting parable. Imagine you're at a dance party where the men wore black tuxedos while the women's long white dress. They danced as he embraced, and since dim lighting in the room, you can only see women dressed in their white garments. Well, she is like the visible stars while the man as black holes. Although you do not see her male partner, of the women's movement you can feel confident that something is held to remain in "orbital dance".
Thus the astronomers to recognize the existence of a black hole. They used an indirect method through the observation of a double star whose members visible star and an invisible object. Luckily, the universe provides a sample of double star in abundant quantities. This fact is not something surprising, because the stars are formed within the group. The observations show that in our galaxy, the Milky Way, there are many stars which are members of a star cluster or association.
It has been mentioned above that the black hole's gravitational field is very strong, much stronger than other compact star like a star "white dwarf" or neutron star. If the compact star mass obtained more than 3 times the mass of the Sun, most likely the object is a black hole.
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